Coksartrosis, or degenerative disease of the hip joint, is one of the most serious pathologies of the musculoskeletal system.Due to the large size of the articular structures, pain and discomfort are much more serious than with the defeat of other joints.The consequences of the pathology are also severe - if the destruction of small bone joints causes a lot of unpleasant sensations, then arthrosis of the hip joint without treatment is a direct path to disability.Only the correct therapy, and sometimes the operation, will help a person not to lose the ability to walk.
What is arthrosis of the hip joint?
Coksartrosis, osteoarthrosis, arthrosis of the hip joint - synonyms of the same pathological process, flowing in the thigh on one or two sides.In modern medicine, pathology is also called osteoarthritis: it was previously believed that degenerative processes are not characterized by inflammation, but more accurate studies showed the opposite.The affected tissues of the articular cartilage secrete inflammatory elements (interleukins), so osteoarthritis is another true term.
The disease is characterized by the following signs:
- Steadily progresses, moving from one stage to another;
- Leads to persistent pain, limiting the mobility of the joint;
- Causes deformation of bone surfaces, partial or complete destruction of hyaline cartilage;
- In a detailed stage, the elderly is more inherent in people, but often starts after 40 years;
- 70% of people over 75 years old have symptoms of pathology;
- They often suffer from women's illness.
The joint is a mechanism in which there are rubbing details.Due to the decrease in the quality or amount of lubrication (inter-hinged fluid), the contacting surfaces wear out.Small cracks appear on the cartilage, later they are destroyed, and instead of healthy tissue, bone corn appears.Such growths do not allow the leg to move normally, its functions are lost.
The reasons for the development of the disease
Arthrosis of the region of the right or left thigh can be primary or secondary, and the first option is characteristic precisely for people of advanced age.The disease of the primary form develops for decades, associated with age -related wear and destruction of cartilage.
Secondary coksartrosis has other causes and can start even in a young man.It is associated with the inflammation (infectious, autoimmune), which gives an impetus to the beginning of the pathology.Also, the cause may be the suffered thigh injury (bruise, dislocation, bone fracture).Other possible causes of secondary form:
- Operations in this anatomical zone;
- Diabetes and other serious metabolic pathologies;
- Hormonal diseases;
- Congenital, acquired forms of curvature and displacement of bones;
- Joint dysplasia in a child;
Protency of the swivel, necrosis of the hip head;- Vascular diseases of a systemic nature, leading to a deterioration in the nutrition of cartilage;
- Bone tuberculosis, rheumatoid osteoarthritis;
- Gout, Pertes's disease;
- Tumors are benign, malignant.
The symptoms of arthrosis of the hip joint of any form will appear faster if risk factors act on the body:
- Constant stress, nervous shocks, depression and experiences;
- Obesity, even moderate excess weight;
- Unfavorable heredity;
- Hypodynamia, sedentary work or certain professions with a high load on the joint;
- Excessive physical (power) loads, professional sports.
Symptoms of the disease
The developing arthrosis of the hip joint and its symptoms cannot be noticed.Even at an early stage, the disease makes itself felt, and, above all, pain.Pain, with the resulting and progressive arthrosis of the hip joint, increase as the disease passes from one stage to another.They appear in the thigh zone, give it to the knee, in the groin, even in the lower abdomen.Usually, after sleep, the pain subsides, but at the advanced stage it can be present constantly.On palpation, the pain is not always felt, because damage to the joint can begin with deeply located parts.
Other possible signs of the disease:
- A crunch that appears when moving, sometimes even with a slight;
- Frowning, changing the gait;
- Shortening the legs from the side where there is arthrosis of the hip joint;
- STATION OF MOVERS, limited rotation, moving the leg.
As they develop, other signs of pathology appear.So, feeling gives a feeling of bone deformation, the presence of growths.The doctor, on the examination, notes muscle atrophy, and the patient even in ordinary life is forced to move with a cane, a crutch-due to pain and weakness of the limb.
In general, the pain and other clinical manifestations strongly depend on the stage.Such stages of coksartrosis are distinguished:
- First.Symptoms are not tanned, but initial changes are already noticeable in diagnosis.The synovial fluid becomes thicker, its volume decreases, the structure of the cartilage at the end of the stage changes.Small cracks appear that the body is trying to treat by forming small "corns".
- The second.The pain at this stage is quite noticeable, the crunch, the limitation of the motor function is clear.Pain syndrome radiates to other parts of the body, spreads down the entire leg down.The picture is visible: the thinning of the cartilage, narrowing of the distance between the bones, a violation of the structure of the articular surfaces, sometimes - the displacement of the head of the hollow bone.The number of bone growths (osteophytes) is increased.
- The third.The pain becomes unbearable, a person is very limited in movement, many completely stop moving.The cartilage is almost completely destroyed, the muscles atrophy, the joint is very deformed.Bone osteophytes have the form of spikes and irritate the nerve endings.
What are the risks and complications?
It is easy to understand - if with such a pathology as arthrosis of the hip joint the symptoms and treatment are defined incorrectly, untimely, this threatens with disabilities.A painful pain syndrome, the inability to walk, the need for constant care is that what awaits a person without the treatment of this disease.
Disability in case of damage to the bones of the thigh is established according to the severity of the disease, with a complete absence of the opportunity to work, give the first group.Such patients are shown surgery - this is the only effective method of treatment in such a situation.But even modern methods of operations can bear the risk of complications:
- Infectious infection;
- Thrombosis, thrombus embolism;
- Significant blood loss.
The total share of complications is small-0.5-2%, but they take place.Most often, there is an infection of the prosthesis, which then has to be changed to a new one.That is why after the operation it is important to conduct a course of treatment with antibiotics.
Diagnostic measures for arthrosis
Turning to the traumatologist, surgeon, orthopedist is recommended for help at the first signs of damage to the femoral zone.Initially, with suspicion of arthrosis of the hip joint, the doctor conducts physical tests:
- Feels the upper thigh, reveals the points of the appearance of pain, bone osteophytes;
- Performs passive movements of the foot - flexion, extension, abduction and bringing to clarify the volume of possible movements.
It will help to more accurately diagnose and prescribe the treatment of arthrosis of the hip joint, instrumental diagnosis will help.Typically, radiography is performed - the cheapest, affordable research method.It is recommended to make an X -ray on modern devices, or replace it on CT, where the quality of the pictures is much higher.CT gives exhaustive information about the condition of bones, cartilage, joint surfaces.If a detailed study of the condition of the soft tissues is required (for example, when pinching the nerve root), the specialist will prescribe an MRI.
Other possible diagnostic measures:
- Ultrasound of the joint;
- Arthroscopy;
- Blood test for the rheumatoid factor;
- Tuberculin samples;
- Biochemical analysis in case of suspicion of diabetes, gout.
It is very important to find the cause of secondary coksartrosis, because without affecting it to stop the course of the disease will not work.
Treatment of arthrosis of the hip joint - medicines and physiotherapy
If the signs of the disease are implicit, and it did not go to the stage of irreversible changes, conservative treatment will help the patient.Medications will need therapy even when the arthrosis of the hip joint has gained a severe form - as a component of the course of treatment.
How to treat arthrosis of the hip joint?There is a program of drug correction of the disease:
- Non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs.Pills or injections will help to get rid of pain, inflammation.It is impossible to use them uncontrollably - their own abilities of cartilage to regeneration will decrease, moreover, the stomach and intestines will greatly suffer from NSAIDs.
- Vascular medicines.Treatment with such drugs helps to enhance the nutrition of cartilage and promotes its restoration.
- Musorelaxants.Showed by spastic pain in the muscles caused by damage to the thigh area.
- Chondroprotectors.Arthrosis of the hip joint requires a mandatory and multi -month administration of such drugs. It is also necessary to use injecting forms courses, including entered the joint cavity.An even more effective technique is considered to be the introduction of hyaluronic acid drugs into the joint.
- Corticosteroids.They are used in extreme cases in the form of intra -articular injections.Such treatment is necessary if the symptoms become unbearable.
External agents (ointments, gels) for coxarthrosis are usually ineffective due to a deep run of the joint.But physiotherapeutic techniques are often used and give serious relief from pain.UHF, laser therapy, magnetotherapy are made on the thigh area, UHF, massage are performed.Also, with osteoarthrosis, manual therapy is indicated, in some cases - the hood of the joint.
Folk remedies for arthrosis
Many use popular treatment for this pathology, although arthrosis of the hip joint does not respond well to various external methods.Only with severe pain can be applied to a sore spot compresses with insulation, although this will be more distracting.Treatment of complicated and neglected arthrosis of the hip joint is best carried out by means of oral administration:
- Pour 100 g of dry grass of the saber of 500 ml of vodka, insist 10 days in the dark, take 30 drops three times/day to relieve inflammation;
- Daily do jelly, in the absence of contraindications, regularly cook cold men - the dishes will serve no worse than chondroprotectors.
You can calm the pain using such a compress.It is necessary to equally mix honey, medical bile, ammonia, glycerin, apply to the joint, tie with a warm cloth.Leave the compress for 3 hours, then wash off.
Other methods and operation
For the full treatment of osteoarthrosis, it is very important to observe the correct diet, you will have to refuse food that violates blood supply and worsening cartilage.These are smoked meats, vinegar, crossed food, fried, as well as food with preservatives, trans fats.But there should be more dishes with magnesium, potassium, iodine, calcium in the diet.
How to treat arthrosis of the hip joint is mandatory is therapeutic gymnastics.Daily warm -ups, special exercises in the lying position should be carried out by all patients.For example, you need to slowly raise the leg up and hold over the floor for several seconds.
It is important to exclude sudden movements, prevent prolonged and fast walking - with coksartrosis, this will only enhance the progression of the disease.For unloading the joint, you can use a cane, crutches, also an orthopedist can recommend special orthoses to soften the load.
Treatment of arthrosis of the hip joint of the third, last stage is performed only with the help of surgery, other methods are ineffective.In 95% of cases, the operation is successful, the movements of the legs are restored in full.But the prostheses are not eternal, their service life is up to 20 years, so the operation is an extreme measure.In the course of endoprosthetics, its own joint changes to the artificial one, and arthrosis of the hip joint does not threaten him anymore.
Coksartrosis prevention
In order not to conduct complex treatment of pathology, not to suffer from pain, it is important to begin preventive measures from an early age.The prevention of coksartrosis is especially important for those who are exposed to risk factors.
So that the blood supply to the cartilage does not suffer, it follows:
- Eat with the inclusion of plant foods in the menu, sufficient amount of low -fat meat, cottage cheese, jelly, sour -milk food;
- Stop smoking, not abuse alcohol;
- At sedentary work regularly conduct warm -ups, do simple exercises;
- To abandon a sedentary lifestyle in favor of skiing, swimming, other low -intensity aerobic loads.
So that a person does not bother the arthrosis of the hip joint, you should control body weight, prevent obesity and the appearance of even 5-10 extra pounds-this seriously enhances the load on the femoral zone.Coksartrosis can only be warned with an integrated approach and a healthy lifestyle!